Molecular Glues in Immunotherapy: Fine-Tuning Immune Responses for Precision Medicine

Molecular glues are a new class of tiny compounds that can rewire protein-protein interactions, providing a very selective mechanism to modify immunological signalling pathways. These substances allow immune regulators to be selectively degraded or stabilised in the setting of cancer and autoimmune disorders, thereby adjusting the immune response for a therapeutic advantage. By encouraging the recruitment of neosubstrates to E3 ubiquitin ligases, molecular glues, in contrast to conventional inhibitors, take advantage of the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system and cause targeted protein destruction. New glues with immunomodulatory potential have been discovered more quickly owing to recent developments in artificial intelligence, structural biology, and high-throughput screening. The therapeutic applications of molecular glues in immunotherapy were examined in this study, with particular attention paid to how they can improve T cell-mediated responses, modify immunological checkpoints, and control cytokine signalling. We also detail potential directions for integrating these medicines into precision medicine and address the present delivery, specificity, and safety assessment difficulties.