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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.6K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.8K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Deep-lying semi-Dirac fermions in hexagonal close-packed cadmium.

Alaska Subedi1, Kamran Behnia2

  • 1CPHT, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|October 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered semi-Dirac fermions in hexagonal close-packed cadmium, exhibiting unique massless and massive properties. These findings in condensed matter physics align with experimental Sondheimer oscillations.

Keywords:
Sondheimer oscillationsband structurecadmiumsemi-Dirac fermions

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Semi-Dirac fermions possess unique electronic properties, being massless in one direction and massive in others.
  • These quasiparticles have theoretical implications across various condensed matter systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize semi-Dirac bands in hexagonal close-packed cadmium using first-principles calculations.
  • To elucidate the underlying electronic structure and orbital hybridization responsible for these properties.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles electronic structure calculations.
  • Analysis of band dispersion and orbital hybridization.
  • Comparison with experimental Sondheimer oscillation data.

Main Results:

  • A pair of anti-crossing semi-Dirac bands were identified at -3 eV below the Fermi level in cadmium.
  • Linear out-of-plane dispersion was observed up to the Fermi level.
  • Orbital hybridization between s and pz orbitals was identified as the driver of the observed dispersion dichotomy.

Conclusions:

  • The upper semi-Dirac band forms a lens-shaped Fermi sheet.
  • The k-dependence of the Fermi sheet's cross-sectional area accurately predicts experimental Sondheimer oscillation periods.