Age- and Sex-Based Differences in Gait Pattern Characteristics Among Adults Over 50: A Cross-Sectional Study

Walking is essential for maintaining functional independence, and understanding gait changes due to aging is crucial, as chronic conditions often overlap with normal aging. The objective of this study was to describe gait characteristics in adults aged 50 and over and to identify differences between age groups and between sexes.

The study included 34 adults aged 50-59, 38 adults aged 60-69, and 28 adults aged 70+ years. Participant characteristics (age, sex, height, weight, and comorbidities) were collected. Participants walked a 30-m round trip at a self-selected pace. Gait was measured using inertial measurement units.

Results showed that stride length, stride velocity, push-off ratio, and minimal toe clearance decreased with age (p < .03) and flat-foot ratio increased with age (p < .01), while cadence, walking phases (stance, swing, double support, and loading ratio), and maximal heel clearance were similar across age groups (p > .05). Males had a lower cadence, a longer stride, and a higher maximal heel clearance than females (p < .04). Stride velocity and minimal toe clearance were similar between sexes (p > .05).

This study found that stride length and velocity decrease with age, and notable sex differences exist in stride length and maximal heel clearance. These findings underscore the importance of considering both age and sex when assessing walking and functional capacity in older adults. Significance/Implications: Aging impacts gait, and inertial measurement units offer a valuable tool to examine how age and sex affect walking. This is an initial step toward a deeper understanding of gait characteristics in older adults.