Plasma exchange as a neuroprotective strategy for post-spaceflight neuroinflammation in astronauts

Extended space missions, such as upcoming crewed explorations to Mars, pose significant physiological challenges, including neuroinflammation due to microgravity, cosmic radiation, and prolonged confinement. This article explores therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) as a potential countermeasure to mitigate post-spaceflight neuroinflammation by reducing circulating neurotoxic factors, stabilizing the blood-brain barrier, and replenishing protective plasma proteins. By examining parallels between spaceflight-induced neurological effects and terrestrial neurodegenerative conditions, we propose that TPE could serve as a viable intervention for astronaut health. The implementation of space-compatible apheresis technologies could play a crucial role in sustaining cognitive function and long-term brain health for deep-space travelers.