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Updated: Jan 14, 2026
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Electrophysiological Measurements and Analysis of Nociception in Human Infants
Published on: December 20, 2011
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Pain in Children
Emily M Funk1, Jessica D Szydlowski1
1Duke University School of Nursing, Nurse Anethesia Program, 307 Trent Drive, DUMC 3322, Durham, NC, USA.
The Nursing Clinics of North America
|October 24, 2025
Summary
Children
Area of Science:
- Pediatric pain management
- Neuroscience of pain
Background:
- Children's pain involves complex neurophysiology from peripheral nerves to the cerebral cortex.
- Immature inhibitory pathways at birth increase pain sensitivity in neonates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline effective pain assessment and management strategies for children.
- To discuss pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions tailored to developmental stages.
Main Methods:
- Review of neurophysiological processes in pediatric pain.
- Analysis of pain management strategies across pediatric age groups.
- Evaluation of opioid and nonopioid analgesic efficacy and risks.
- Assessment of nonpharmacologic intervention benefits.
Main Results:
- Pain perception and processing mature throughout childhood.
- Nonopioid analgesics and nonpharmacologic methods are preferred for mild-to-moderate pain.
- Opioid use requires caution due to potential side effects and addiction risks.
Conclusions:
- Tailored pain management strategies are crucial for pediatric patients.
- A multimodal approach combining pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions optimizes pain control.
- Developmental considerations are key to safe and effective pediatric pain relief.
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