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An updated perspective: what genes make a tree a tree?

Siri Birkeland1, Eduardo R Soldado2, Sonali S Ranade3

  • 1Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Trends in Plant Science
|October 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored the genetic basis of woodiness in angiosperms, analyzing rosid genomes to identify genes distinguishing trees from herbs. This study offers new insights into the genetic factors defining tree growth forms.

Keywords:
comparative genomicsplant growth formsplant life historiesrosidstree genomicswoodiness

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Angiosperm research

Background:

  • Distinguishing trees from other plants at the genetic level is challenging, with no unique 'tree genes' currently identified.
  • The availability of diverse tree genomes enables new comparative and evolutionary analyses of plant life histories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a fresh perspective on the genetic foundation for woodiness and perenniality in angiosperms.
  • To analyze selection pressures and gene family evolution in rosids using genomic data.
  • To identify genes that distinguish trees from herbaceous plants.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of rosid species.
  • Analysis of selection pressures across gene families.
  • Examination of gene family evolution in relation to woodiness and perenniality.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific genes and gene families associated with woodiness and perenniality in angiosperms.
  • Insights into the evolutionary pathways leading to tree formation within the rosids.
  • Genomic data provides a new lens for understanding the genetic underpinnings of tree characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The study offers a novel perspective on the genetic basis of woodiness in angiosperms.
  • Future research directions are proposed for uncovering definitive genetic factors that define trees.
  • This work contributes to the burgeoning field of tree genomics.