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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
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Critical issues in bone anchored hearing aids.

Michael Dalè1, Francesco Buono2, Federica Simoni2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy. michael.dale1994@gmail.com.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|October 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) significantly improve hearing and speech understanding, outperforming traditional hearing aids, especially in noisy environments. Patient adaptation and satisfaction are high after just three months of use.

Keywords:
AdaptationBone anchored hearing aidsConventional hearing aidsMatrix sentence testMonolateral devicePercutaneousTranscutaneous

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) offer an alternative for individuals with conductive, mixed, or unilateral hearing loss.
  • Evaluating BAHA's audiological performance and user satisfaction is crucial for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the audiological performance and user satisfaction of BAHA with conventional hearing aids.
  • To assess differences between percutaneous and transcutaneous BAHA devices.
  • To evaluate the benefits of BAHA for unilateral hearing loss and the patient adaptation process.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 40 patients with conductive and mixed hearing loss received BAHA implants between January 2023 and June 2024.
  • Audiological assessments included pure-tone audiometry, free-field audiometry, and the Italian Matrix Sentence Test.
  • Patient-reported outcomes were measured using satisfaction questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • BAHA demonstrated significant improvements in hearing thresholds, speech recognition, and signal-to-noise ratios compared to unaided conditions and conventional hearing aids.
  • Patient-reported outcomes, assessed via questionnaires, indicated enhanced satisfaction and quality of life.
  • Sustained audiological benefits were observed over a 3-month period, with no significant changes at 6 months, suggesting complete adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • BAHA significantly outperforms conventional hearing aids in audiological and subjective outcomes, particularly in noisy environments.
  • Percutaneous BAHA devices showed superior high-frequency performance, while both percutaneous and transcutaneous systems offered comparable speech-in-noise benefits.
  • BAHA effectively enhances binaural hearing in cases of unilateral hearing loss, with complete patient adaptation achieved within 3 months.