Unraveling the Therapeutic Benefits of Amaranthus Species: a Comprehensive Review

Amaranthus species are often underutilized plants that are rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, betalains, saponins, and unsaturated fatty acids, which offer various health benefits. This review explores their nutritional and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, heart-protective, antimicrobial, liver-protective, and antimalarial effects. Studies show that the bioactive compounds in Amaranthus help reduce oxidative stress, promote cell death in damaged cells, regulate fat metabolism, and reduce inflammation, making them useful for managing chronic diseases. Effectiveness varies depending on the Amaranthus species, plant part, extraction method, and dose. However, limitations like low bioavailability and a lack of clinical studies remain. New approaches such as nano-encapsulation, lipid co‑formulation, and food matrix fortification show promise in improving their absorption and stability of different compounds. This review underscores the therapeutic potential of Amaranthus spp. while calling for careful dosing and human trials. Future research can help develop functional foods, supplements, and cosmetics that harness these benefits, turning traditional knowledge into proven health solutions.