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Stroke, infections, and New Mechanisms: a Narrative Review
Jacques Reis1,2, Şerefnur Öztürk3, Alain Buguet4
1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hautepierre, Strasbourg, 67200, France. jacques.reis@wanadoo.fr.
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|October 25, 2025
Summary
Infections are an underrecognized cause of stroke, impacting both ischemic and hemorrhagic types. Recognizing this link is crucial for developing better prevention and treatment strategies, especially with changing global conditions.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- The link between infections and stroke has been known for over 60 years but remains underrecognized.
- Recent global events, like the COVID-19 pandemic, have increased awareness of infectious agents as potential health risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess preceding infections as triggers or causal factors for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
- To highlight the underappreciated role of infections, including tropical infections, in stroke etiology.
- To emphasize the need for greater recognition of infection-related stroke risk.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on infections as stroke risk factors.
- Analysis of the impact of various infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasitosis).
- Consideration of confounding factors like meteorological conditions and air pollution.
Main Results:
- Infections are a significant, yet often overlooked, risk factor for stroke.
- The risk posed by infectious agents is primarily recognized in pediatric and young adult populations.
- Meteorological factors may obscure the direct link between infections and stroke incidence.
Conclusions:
- Enhanced recognition of infection-related stroke risk is essential for public health.
- Factors like global warming may increase stroke incidence due to infections.
- Biomarkers and improved preventive/therapeutic strategies are needed to address this growing concern.
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