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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

$Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene$

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Published on: August 22, 2017

Electronic Correlations in Rhombohedral Graphene at Atomic Scale.

Yufeng Liu^1,2, Zonglin Li^1,2, Shudan Jiang^1,2

¹Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, 201210, China.

Physical Review Letters

|October 25, 2025

Summary

Rhombohedral graphene shows a new correlated insulating state in tetralayer samples, absent in trilayer versions. This discovery offers atomic-scale insights into exotic quantum phenomena in layered graphene materials.

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Published on: July 24, 2015

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Quantum Phenomena

Background:

Rhombohedral graphene (RG) is a key material for studying quantum magnetism, superconductivity, and anomalous Hall effects.
Atomic-scale understanding of RG's correlated states is limited, hindering exploration of its exotic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the intrinsic electronic states of trilayer and tetralayer RG at the atomic scale.
To identify and characterize novel correlated states in RG.

Main Methods:

Scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy were used to probe electronic states.
Local scattering experiments were conducted to investigate magnetic properties.

Main Results:

A novel correlated insulating state with a 19 meV gap was observed in tetralayer RG at the charge neutrality point.
This state, absent in trilayer RG and Bernal stacked tetralayer graphene, is suppressed by magnetic fields and doping.
Evidence suggests a symmetry-broken layer antiferromagnetic state with ferrimagnetic ordering in outer layers.

Conclusions:

Atomic-scale evidence of zero-field correlations in RG was found.
The identified insulating state provides a platform for studying exotic quantum phases in layered graphene.
Findings pave the way for further research into quantum magnetism and superconductivity in RG.