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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview01:15

NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview

3.0K
The position of the absorption signal of a sample is reported relative to the position of the signal of tetramethylsilane (TMS), which is added as an internal reference while recording spectra. The difference between the absorption frequencies of the sample and TMS (in Hz) is divided by the spectrometer operating frequency (in MHz) to obtain a dimensionless quantity called the chemical shift. It is reported on the δ (delta) scale and expressed in parts per million.
For instance, the proton...
3.0K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.4K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.4K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.6K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.6K
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.2K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
1.2K
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

4.6K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
4.6K
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

4.3K
Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
4.3K

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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
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Measuring Chemical Shifts with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy.

Yueyun Chen1,2, Rebekah Jin1, Yarin Heffes1

  • 1University of California, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New detector technology enhances energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) precision to 0.02-0.1 eV. This allows EDS to detect chemical shifts, complementing electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for elemental analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Electron microscopy is crucial for material characterization.
  • Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) are key elemental analysis techniques.
  • Traditional EDS resolution (30-100 eV) limits chemical information retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve the precision of EDS for elemental and chemical analysis.
  • To explore the chemical information accessible with enhanced EDS.
  • To compare the capabilities of advanced EDS with EELS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized large solid angle EDS detector technology.
  • Employed signal averaging to achieve high spectral precision (0.02-0.1 eV).
  • Analyzed elemental and chemical shifts in aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and tungsten (W) compounds.

Main Results:

  • Achieved EDS energy resolution of 0.02-0.1 eV through detector technology and averaging.
  • Demonstrated the ability of EDS to detect chemical shifts in Al, Ti, and W compounds.
  • Showcased EDS's capability to provide chemical information in a parameter space complementary to EELS.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced EDS detector technology significantly enhances spectral precision.
  • High-resolution EDS provides valuable chemical shift information, complementing EELS.
  • EDS is now a more versatile tool for detailed elemental and chemical analysis in electron microscopy.