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Supertranslations from Scattering Amplitudes.

Asaad Elkhidir1, Donal O'Connell1, Radu Roiban2

  • 1The University of Edinburgh, Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|October 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

On shell methods now capture supertranslations for gravitational waveforms and radiation fields. This new approach uses scattering amplitudes to precisely define gauge choices in asymptotically Minkowski spacetimes.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Gravitational Wave Astronomy
  • High Energy Physics

Background:

  • Local observables like gravitational waveforms depend on the chosen asymptotic gauge (Bondi-Van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs frame) in asymptotically Minkowski spacetimes.
  • These observables are invariant under small gauge transformations but sensitive to supertranslations.
  • Existing methods require careful gauge fixing for precise calculations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for incorporating supertranslations into the on shell framework.
  • To provide a way to capture gauge-dependent observables to all orders in perturbation theory.
  • To unify the treatment of gauge choices and scattering amplitudes in gravitational physics.

Main Methods:

  • Application of on shell methods to local observables.
  • Utilizing the framework of scattering amplitudes.
  • Perturbative expansion to all orders.

Main Results:

  • A method is presented for capturing supertranslations within the on shell framework.
  • This method allows for the precise definition of gauge-dependent observables.
  • The approach is applicable to asymptotic radiation fields and gravitational waveforms.

Conclusions:

  • The on shell framework can be extended to handle supertranslations.
  • This provides a powerful new tool for analyzing gravitational waveforms and radiation fields.
  • The method offers a consistent way to address gauge ambiguities in gravitational scattering.