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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
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Toroids01:27

Toroids

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A toroid is a closely wound donut-shaped coil constructed using a single  conducting wire. In general, it is assumed that a toriod consists of  multiple circular loops perpendicular to its axis.
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Large Orbital Torque from Interfacial Spin-Vorticity Coupling in PtCo/Cu Heterostructures.

Longwen Yi1, Tianxiang Yang1, Cheng Tan1

  • 1University of Jinan, Spintronics Institute, Jinan 250022, China.

Physical Review Letters
|October 25, 2025
PubMed
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Researchers discovered ultrahigh orbital torque efficiency in PtCo/Cu heterostructures, significantly exceeding typical heavy-metal systems. This breakthrough in spin orbitronics is driven by interfacial electron vorticity, paving the way for advanced spintronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics and Magnetism
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Orbitronics utilizes orbital torques to control magnetization, a key area in modern spintronics.
  • Existing heavy-metal systems like Ta and Pt exhibit limited dampinglike torque efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and report the orbital torque efficiency in novel PtCo/Cu heterostructures.
  • To explore the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for enhanced torque efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of metallic PtCo/Cu heterostructures.
  • Measurement of dampinglike torque efficiency using current-induced magnetization reversal experiments.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of an exceptionally large dampinglike torque efficiency in PtCo/Cu, 2 orders of magnitude higher than Ta (Pt).
  • Observed significant enhancement of torque efficiency with increasing Cu layer thickness.
  • Attributed the effect to interfacial vorticity of conduction electrons due to resistivity mismatch.

Conclusions:

  • PtCo/Cu heterostructures demonstrate unprecedented orbital torque efficiency.
  • Interfacial vorticity is a crucial factor for ultrahigh torques in spintronic devices.
  • Highlights a promising new avenue for research and development in spin orbitronics.