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Methods for Acute and Subacute Murine Hindlimb Ischemia
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Part I: Acute Lower Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Pathophysiology and Experimental Interventions.

Lauren Carmon1,2, Ashley A Peters1,2, Nora Laban1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.

Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
|October 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) causes significant limb damage and systemic effects. This review explores IRI pathophysiology, models, and current therapeutic strategies, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.

Keywords:
ischemia-reperfusion injurylimb ischemiavascular injury

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Vascular Biology
  • Injury Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) arises from acute limb ischemia due to various causes like thrombosis or trauma.
  • Restoration of blood flow triggers inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage, leading to severe limb dysfunction or multi-organ failure.
  • No definitive therapy exists, necessitating research into potential treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of IRI pathophysiology.
  • To discuss the local and systemic effects of IRI.
  • To examine experimental models and outline current therapeutic interventions for IRI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on IRI.
  • Analysis of pathophysiology, local and systemic effects.
  • Evaluation of experimental models and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • IRI involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation and oxidative stress.
  • IRI can lead to severe limb dysfunction, loss, and systemic complications.
  • Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions show promise in preclinical studies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding IRI pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Experimental models are vital for investigating IRI mechanisms and testing therapies.
  • Further research into anti-inflammatory and antioxidant strategies may mitigate IRI effects.