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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Gynecologic Health
  • Endurance Athletics

Background:

  • Female participation in ultramarathons is increasing.
  • Potential gynecologic health impacts, including menstrual changes and pelvic floor dysfunction, are not well understood in female ultra-endurance athletes.
  • Ultramarathons present unique challenges like extreme distances, varied terrain, and unpredictable weather.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gynecologic health impacts of ultramarathon running on female athletes.
  • To compare the prevalence of menstrual irregularities and urinary incontinence in female ultramarathoners with the general female population.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was administered to female participants at two ultramarathon races (50-km).
  • Data collected included age, menopausal status, childbirth history, menstrual cycle regularity, secondary amenorrhea, and urinary incontinence.
  • Statistical analysis compared findings with the general female population.

Main Results:

  • 46% of premenopausal ultramarathoners reported irregular menstrual cycles, significantly higher than the general population (P<0.001).
  • 29% reported secondary amenorrhea, also higher than the general population, associated with age 40+ (OR=8.83, P=0.008).
  • 39% of runners reported urinary incontinence (UI), a significantly higher prevalence than in the general population (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Female ultramarathon runners exhibit significantly higher rates of irregular menstruation and secondary amenorrhea.
  • Urinary incontinence prevalence may increase in female ultra-endurance athletes over 40.
  • Further research is needed on gynecologic outcomes in female athletes participating in wilderness and endurance sports.