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A Temperature Gradient Assay to Determine Thermal Preferences of Drosophila Larvae
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Behavioral and circuit principles of temperature gradient navigation.

Kaarthik Abhinav Balakrishnan1, Martin Haesemeyer1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|October 25, 2025
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Larval zebrafish navigate thermal gradients using distinct strategies for hot and cold avoidance. Neural circuits in the medulla encode temperature information, guiding behavioral thermoregulation and survival.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Behavioral thermoregulation is essential for animal survival.
  • Neural control of thermal navigation remains poorly understood.
  • Zebrafish are ideal models for studying behavioral thermoregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate neural circuits controlling thermal navigation in larval zebrafish.
  • Elucidate how zebrafish seek preferred temperatures in thermal gradients.
  • Link neural activity to specific thermoregulatory behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Behavioral analysis of zebrafish in thermal gradients.
  • Machine learning for analyzing swim decisions.
  • Calcium imaging of medullary neurons.
  • Stimulus-controlled Markov modeling of thermal navigation.

Main Results:

  • Hot avoidance modulated by swim decisions; cold avoidance used gradient alignment and reversals.
  • Identified seven classes of temperature-responsive neurons in the medulla.
  • Medullary neuron activity predicts navigation strategy and transitions.
  • Neural responses encode position and direction within temperature gradients.

Conclusions:

  • Medullary neural circuits enable zebrafish to navigate thermal gradients effectively.
  • Distinct neural strategies underlie avoidance of hot and cold temperatures.
  • This study provides a neural basis for behavioral thermoregulation and temperature-seeking behavior.