Biomechanical Adaptations in Foot Characteristics Among Elite Male Weightlifters: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Sports Medicine
• Orthopedics

Background:

• Foot biomechanics are critical for weightlifting performance and injury prevention.
• Intensive weightlifting affects foot structure, but comprehensive studies are lacking.
• This research investigates foot characteristics in elite weightlifters versus healthy controls.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare foot arch index (FAI), plantar load distribution (PLD), center of pressure (CoP), and rearfoot posture between elite weightlifters and healthy individuals.
• To identify specific foot adaptations associated with elite weightlifting.
• To explore the implications of these adaptations for performance and injury risk.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional study comparing 24 elite male weightlifters and 32 healthy men.
• Utilized JC Mat optical plantar pressure analyzer for FAI, PLD, and CoP assessment.
• Measured rearfoot angles via postural alignment analysis; employed t tests or Mann-Whitney U for statistical comparison.

Main Results:

• Weightlifters showed significantly higher FAI and greater rearfoot valgus angles in both feet compared to controls.
• PLD was concentrated on medial longitudinal arches, medial heels, and lateral metatarsals in weightlifters.
• CoP distribution was symmetrical between the feet in weightlifters.

Conclusions:

• Elite weightlifters exhibit low-arched, pronated foot postures with medial-dominant PLD and symmetrical CoP.
• These adaptations may improve weightlifting stability and balance.
• Increased rearfoot valgus in weightlifters may elevate lower limb injury risk, necessitating systematic foot biomechanical assessment.