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Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
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Historical Relevance and Modern Perceptions: Mixed-Black and Mixed-Native Racial Categorization and Resource

Hailey Shangin1, C Malik Boykin2, Tyler Jimenez3

  • 1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|October 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racial categorization of multiracial individuals impacts resource deservingness. Black/White individuals are often seen as Black, influencing perceptions of needing minority-specific resources more than Native/White individuals.

Keywords:
categorizationmultiracial identityracial identitystatusstructural inequality

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Sociology of Race and Ethnicity
  • Identity Studies

Background:

  • Increasing multiracial populations in the U.S. highlight evolving racial identity complexities.
  • Racial perceptions significantly influence perceived entitlement to societal resources.
  • Historical and policy contexts shape racial categorization, including hypodescent and hyperdescent biases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how individuals of Black/White and Native American/White ancestries are racially categorized.
  • To investigate the influence of these categorizations on perceived deservingness for group-specific resources.
  • To explore the interplay of hypodescent and hyperdescent in multiracial identity perception.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies involved participants categorizing mixed-race targets (Black/White, Native/White).
  • Participants evaluated targets' deservingness for minority-specific resources, such as scholarships.
  • Analysis focused on the relationship between categorization (hypodescent/hyperdescent) and resource deservingness.

Main Results:

  • Black/White targets were predominantly categorized as Black, aligning with hypodescent bias.
  • Native/White targets were frequently categorized as White, consistent with hyperdescent.
  • Categorization significantly influenced perceived deservingness, particularly for Black/White targets.

Conclusions:

  • Racial categorization of multiracial individuals is complex and influenced by biases like hypodescent and hyperdescent.
  • These perceptions directly affect views on resource deservingness, especially for Black/White individuals.
  • A nuanced understanding of racial identity is crucial for addressing societal diversity and resource allocation.