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Estimating animal abundance is challenging for widespread species, especially primates like the long-tailed macaque. This study reviews methods and identifies weaknesses to improve future abundance estimates for conservation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Primatology

Background:

  • Monitoring widely distributed animals faces logistical challenges and often lacks funding.
  • Conservation concern for widely distributed primates is increasing, necessitating abundance estimates for evidence-based management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for estimating abundance in widely distributed animals.
  • To explore and critique the methods used for estimating the abundance of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
  • To propose improvements for obtaining reliable abundance estimates.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of abundance estimation techniques for animals.
  • In-depth analysis of a specific case study on long-tailed macaque abundance estimation.
  • Identification of methodological weaknesses in existing studies.

Main Results:

  • Existing abundance estimation methods for widespread animals are reviewed.
  • Significant weaknesses were identified in the sole attempt to estimate long-tailed macaque abundance.
  • A path towards obtaining reliable abundance estimates is proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Reliable abundance estimates are crucial for the conservation of widely distributed primates.
  • Current methods for estimating long-tailed macaque abundance are insufficient.
  • Further research is needed to refine methodologies for accurate primate population monitoring.