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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
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Evaluating High-Intensity Interval-Training Validity Using Critical Power in Rowing.

Nathan D Dicks1, Pathompong Phuaklee1, Joe J Ketterling1

  • 1North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|October 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 3-minute all-out test (3MT) effectively determines critical power (CP) and work capacity (W') in rowing, supporting its use for prescribing high-intensity interval training and individualizing exercise.

Keywords:
3-minute all-out testcardiorespiratory responseexercise prescriptionphysiological adaptationswork capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Training Methodology

Background:

  • High-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescription requires accurate physiological markers.
  • Critical Power (CP) and work capacity above CP (W') are key parameters for optimizing HIIT.
  • The 3-minute all-out test (3MT) is a potential field test for estimating these parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the 3MT in rowing for determining CP and W'.
  • To assess the utility of CP and W' derived from the 3MT for prescribing HIIT.
  • To examine physiological responses during HIIT sessions based on 3MT-derived CP and W'.

Main Methods:

  • Thirteen physically active adults underwent a graded exercise test and a 3MT.
  • CP and W' were estimated from the 3MT.
  • Two HIIT sessions were prescribed based on individual CP and W' values.
  • End-exercise oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored.

Main Results:

  • The 3MT successfully estimated CP (166.2 ± 35.16 W) and W' (16.3 ± 8.4 kJ).
  • Significant correlations were found between 3MT-derived CP/W' and strength/body composition measures.
  • HIIT sessions demonstrated significant interval effects on completed power.
  • No significant differences in end-interval V˙O2 and HR were observed between HIIT protocols, except for HR in one session.

Conclusions:

  • The 3MT is an effective tool for determining CP and W' in rowing.
  • The CP model, utilizing 3MT-derived values, is useful for prescribing HIIT in rowing.
  • Individualized training strategies based on CP and W' are recommended for rowing athletes.