Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

908
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
908
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

848
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
848
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

1.5K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
1.5K
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

4.0K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
4.0K
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

673
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
673
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

1.2K
Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In-hospital outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)·2026
Same author

Substance Use and Motor Vehicle Accident Mortality in the United States: A 22-Year National Analysis.

Substance use & addiction journal·2026
Same author

Evaluating the Risk of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection After Rifaximin Treatment for Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Safety of Live Attenuated MMR, Varicella, and Yellow Fever Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Therapy: A Propensity-Score-Matched Analysis.

Vaccines·2026
Same author

Ezh2 Control of Bivalent Genes Fine-Tunes Developmental Competence During Retinogenesis.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

Rural-urban disparities in acute pancreatitis outcomes: A retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2021).

Medicine·2026
Same journal

The Impact of Smoking Self-Efficacy and Health Anxiety on Women's Awareness of Third-Hand Smoke Exposure.

Substance use & addiction journal·2026
Same journal

The Business of Recovery: Understanding Operational Costs and Funding Sources in Recovery Housing in the United States.

Substance use & addiction journal·2026
Same journal

Drug Use, Treatment, and Hopes for the Future: A Qualitative Study of Patients on Methadone Who Use Cocaine in the Age of Fentanyl.

Substance use & addiction journal·2026
Same journal

The Health Impacts of Climate Change on People Who Use Alcohol and Other Drugs: Position Statement of AMERSA, Inc. (Association for Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance use and Addiction).

Substance use & addiction journal·2026
Same journal

Impact of Assertive Outreach, Individual Involvement, and Significant Other Involvement on XR-NTX Adherence.

Substance use & addiction journal·2026
Same journal

Decreased Gabapentin Prescription Fills Among Medicaid Enrollees Following State-Level Schedule V Controlled Substance Classification in Kentucky and West Virginia.

Substance use & addiction journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence
09:54

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Published on: March 8, 2020

5.6K

Rural-Urban Disparities in Inpatient Outcomes for Opioid Overdose: A Nationwide Analysis.

Muhammad Ahmad Nadeem1, Mohammed A Quazi2, Abdullah Khan3

  • 1Department of Liver Transplant Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Substance Use & Addiction Journal
|October 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid overdose hospitalizations declined from 2016-2021, but rural patients faced worse outcomes, including higher mortality and complications. Targeted interventions are needed to address these rural-urban healthcare disparities.

Keywords:
disparitiesmortalityopioid overdose

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs
10:13

Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs

Published on: November 8, 2024

2.8K
High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence
09:54

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Published on: March 8, 2020

5.6K
Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs
10:13

Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs

Published on: November 8, 2024

2.8K
High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Significant disparities in clinical outcomes exist between rural and urban hospitals in the U.S.
  • Geographic location impacts hospital care, particularly for opioid-related outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine trends in hospitalizations for opioid overdose between 2016 and 2021.
  • To compare clinical outcomes, length of stay, and costs between rural and urban hospitalizations for opioid overdose.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the National Inpatient Sample database for analysis.
  • Examined trends in hospitalizations, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and inflation-adjusted cost.
  • Analyzed data for adults admitted for opioid overdose from 2016 to 2021.

Main Results:

  • Age-adjusted hospitalizations for opioid overdose declined across urban and rural populations between 2016-2021.
  • Rural patients exhibited higher odds of in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation, and hemodialysis compared to urban patients.
  • Rural hospitalizations were associated with lower costs and shorter lengths of stay than urban hospitalizations.

Conclusions:

  • Disparities in opioid overdose patient outcomes persist, with rural areas facing higher mortality and complications.
  • Healthcare policy reforms are necessary to address rural-urban disparities in cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Findings underscore the impact of geographic location on hospital care and the need for targeted interventions.