Microstructural and functional analysis of PLA-based biofilm reinforced with Sechium edule

This paper details the development and characterization of biodegradable composite biofilms composed of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with Sechium edule peel powder, a sustainable agricultural by-product. The biofilms were produced using solvent casting with different filler loadings (0-20 wt%) and assessed for mechanical, morphological, thermal, and environmental characteristics. The results demonstrated a notable increase in tensile strength (up to 38.5 MPa at 10 % SE) and modulus, as well as enhanced biodegradability and water absorption capacity at elevated reinforcement levels. FTIR validated the successful integration of lignocellulosic functional groups, whilst FESEM and AFM studies demonstrated uniform filler distribution up to 15 %. Biodegradability assessments demonstrated a weight reduction of up to 9.7 % within 7 days under regulated settings, signifying expedited degradation. The incorporation of Sechium edule enhances the functional efficacy of PLA while also advancing circular bioeconomy objectives. These results underscore the composite's promise for sustainable packaging, agricultural mulch films, and low-impact biomedical applications, with significant prospects for industrial scalability.