The attitudes and acceptance of functional assistive robots among older adults with disabilities: a mixed-methods...

The growth in older adults living with disabilities and the decline in the workforce call for technology-driven nursing services to alleviate the burden. Functional assistive robots have emerged as a promising solution; however, their acceptance and attitude toward them remain underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the attitudes and requirements of older adults living with disabilities regarding functional assistive robots.

A mixed-methods study was conducted between November 2023 and January 2024, comprising a cross-sectional survey of 85 older adults with varying levels of disability and semi-structured interviews with 10 participants. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and qualitative data were thematically analyzed to enrich and contextualize the findings.

Fifty-three percent of participants expressed willingness to use a functional assistive robot, with safety, affordability, ease of use, and multifunctionality identified as the most influential factors. Walking assistance and toilet transfer were the most desired functions across all disability levels. Qualitative findings reinforced the quantitative findings, revealing dissatisfaction with current aids due to their limited stability and maneuverability, alongside a strong desire for increased independence and reduced strain on family caregivers. Attitudes toward robots ranged from enthusiasm to skepticism, influenced by perceived usefulness, disability level, and care context. Participants emphasized the need for compact, stable designs with simple interfaces, and some expressed interest in light social features, provided they did not compromise core functionality.

This study highlights the demand for functional assistive robots that address critical mobility-related tasks. Functional assistive robots are viewed as promising, but adoption hinges on improving safety, usability, and affordability. Multifunctional, user-friendly designs are essential for practical use. The findings offer guidance for nurses, caregivers, and developers by clarifying core functional needs and concerns, supporting the creation of acceptable technologies that enhance autonomy and quality of life.