Spontaneous Fragmentation and the Disappearing JJ Stent: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

When double J urinary stents are "forgotten," their constituent polymers undergo mechanical and chemical degradation. This process can lead to potentially serious complications, such as encrustation or fragmentation. Fragmented and degraded stents are often more difficult to remove, frequently requiring complex surgical procedures. We present two cases of ureteric stents that were left in place for more than three years. In one case, a complicated ureteroscopy was required to remove the stent in numerous pieces. In the other case, the stents fragmented over time and completely disappeared; the patient denied experiencing stenturia. We review the evidence to identify the potential mechanisms leading to stent fracture and suggest possible preventive strategies.