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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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"Inside CKD" Multinational-Microsimulation Modelling Insights Into the Increasing CKD Burden.

Jay Wish1, Saeed Mg Al-Ghamdi2, Jean-Michel Halimi3

  • 1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Kidney International Reports
|October 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects millions globally. Early screening and treatment are vital to manage the growing burden and associated healthcare costs, projected to rise significantly by 2027.

Keywords:
Inside CKDburden of diseasechronic kidney disease (CKD)health care systemsmicrosimulation modelingscreening

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Public Health
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern, impacting approximately 10% of the world's population.
  • CKD is linked to higher morbidity and mortality rates but often remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.
  • It faces less attention compared to other noncommunicable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To project the clinical and economic burden of CKD using the Inside CKD microsimulation model.
  • To assess published Inside CKD data from 31 countries within the framework of global guidelines and initiatives.
  • To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and impact of CKD screening on life expectancy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Inside CKD microsimulation model to forecast disease progression and costs.
  • Analyzed existing published data from the Inside CKD program across 31 diverse countries and regions.
  • Evaluated findings in relation to current clinical guidelines and international health strategies.

Main Results:

  • Without improved diagnosis rates, the CKD population is expected to grow by 5.8% by 2027.
  • Associated healthcare expenditures are projected to increase by 9.3% within the same timeframe.
  • CKD screening is identified as a cost-effective intervention that can modestly enhance life expectancy.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of CKD through screening and treatment strategies is essential.
  • Addressing clinical inertia in CKD diagnosis and management is crucial for mitigating its impact.
  • Proactive implementation of screening and treatment is key to managing the growing burden of CKD.