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Related Concept Videos

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
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Primed human pluripotent stem cell-derived blastocyst-like cell aggregates with partial lineage specification.

Kaori Mutsuda-Zapater1,2, Xiaopeng Wen1, Satoshi Imamura3,4

  • 1Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Institute of Advanced Science, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8601, Japan.

Regenerative Therapy
|October 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method to create human blastocyst-like structures from primed human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using hydrogels. This accessible platform aids early human development research and disease modeling.

Keywords:
BlastocystBlastocyst-like cell aggregateBlastoidEmbryo modelHuman pluripotent stem cellsHydrogelPrimed pluripotency

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Human blastoids are crucial for studying early human development.
  • Current methods use naïve human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which are chromosomally unstable and difficult to handle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an accessible method for generating human blastocyst-like structures from primed hPSCs.
  • To evaluate the morphological, molecular, and functional characteristics of these blastoid models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a thermoresponsive hydrogel to aggregate primed hPSCs.
  • Assessed blastoid morphology, lineage marker expression (immunocytochemistry), transcriptional profiles (single-cell RNA sequencing), and in vitro implantation capacity.

Main Results:

  • Generated blastoid aggregates mimicked human blastocyst morphology and key lineage markers (epiblast, trophectoderm, primitive endoderm).
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing showed a subset of cells with relevant transcriptional profiles, though some remained undifferentiated.
  • Blastoids exhibited in vitro implantation potential, trophoblast differentiation, and human chorionic gonadotropin secretion.

Conclusions:

  • Introduced a more accessible platform for generating human blastoid models from primed hPSCs.
  • These blastoids enhance the study of early human development, early-onset diseases, regenerative medicine, and assisted reproductive technologies.