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Cannabis and Nicotine Substance Use Coercion During the Perinatal Period
Peyton Groves1, Callie Laubacher1, Yesmina Salib1
1Division of General Academic Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Women'S Health Reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
|October 27, 2025
Summary
Abusive partners use cannabis and nicotine products to control perinatal individuals, withholding, punishing, or hindering cessation. Shame, stigma, and systems like child protective services facilitate this substance use coercion (SUC).
Area of Science:
- Perinatal health
- Public health
- Sociology
Background:
- Perinatal intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance use are prevalent, impacting maternal-infant outcomes.
- Substance use coercion (SUC) by abusive partners is understudied for cannabis and nicotine products.
- Perinatal individuals are uniquely vulnerable to SUC.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the manifestation of cannabis and nicotine SUC among perinatal IPV survivors.
- To understand the coercive tactics and control mechanisms employed by abusive partners.
Main Methods:
- Virtual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 IPV advocates and 15 perinatal IPV survivors.
- Participants were recruited via IPV agencies and an online repository.
- Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a deductive-inductive thematic analysis approach.
Main Results:
- Survivors reported using substances as a coping mechanism.
- Partners used withholding, control, and punishment related to substance use.
- Shame, stigma, and systemic manipulation (e.g., child protective services) were key to coercion.
- Abusive partners actively hindered cessation efforts.
Conclusions:
- Cannabis and nicotine products are tools for coercion and control within IPV.
- Survivor-centered interventions are needed within systemic frameworks.
- Considering SUC is crucial for supporting perinatal IPV survivors.
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