Prevalence and Recognition of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in 308 Women Consulting Their GP for Any Reason

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death among women. Across the lifespan, exposure to both traditional and lifestyle-related cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) is high. Behavioral trends such as increased sedentary behavior, psychosocial stress, and tobacco use have diminished the protective cardiovascular effects classically attributed to estrogen, with women underestimating their personal CVRF.

To assess the prevalence and recognition of CVRF among women over 18 years attending general practice in the north of France.

An exploratory, cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2023 and June 2024 in 10 general practices. Women aged ≥18 or older completed a self-administered online questionnaire, which assessed 17 established CVRF and their recognition of these as risks.

Among the 308 participants, the prevalence of CVRF was perceived psychosocial stress 69%, sedentary lifestyle 56%, overweight (body mass index >25) 36%, abdominal obesity (waist circumference >88 cm) 26%, hypertension 13%, diabetes 5%, and hyperlipidemia (low-density lipoprotein >1.6 g/L) 11%. Most (91%) reported at least two modifiable CVRF; 74% had at least three. Prevalence estimates for hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia increased sharply with age. The majority recognized smoking (86%), overweight (61%), and hypertension (83%) as risks, but only 29% recognized menopause and 57% identified estrogen-containing contraception as such.

A substantial proportion of women, including the younger age groups, exhibit multiple coexisting modifiable CVRF, underscoring the need for early, targeted prevention. General recognition is high for some CVRF, but knowledge about those specific to women remains insufficient. Broad lifestyle determinants must be considered for universal CVRF prevention and management in primary care.