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Dehumanization without antipathy: Subtle and blatant measures reveal a shared regulatory function.

Katrina M Fincher1, Asteya Percaya1, Starlett Hartley1

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This study shows dehumanization is a distinct psychological construct, not just bias. Disease threat increases dehumanization regardless of relationship closeness, supporting its validity.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Conflict Studies

Background:

  • Dehumanization is frequently cited in ethnopolitical conflict but its psychological validity is debated.
  • Critics question its divergent validity (overlap with bias) and convergent validity (measure consistency).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the distinctiveness and coherence of dehumanization as a psychological construct.
  • To investigate if dehumanization operates independently of prejudice using contagious disease as a context.
  • To assess functional convergence across diverse dehumanization measures.

Main Methods:

  • Six studies with 5,253 participants were conducted.
  • Four common dehumanization measures were assessed: blatant dehumanization, animalization, mechanization, and mind denial.
  • The impact of contagious disease cues on dehumanization was examined, considering relational closeness.

Main Results:

  • Contagion cues reliably elicited dehumanization, irrespective of relational closeness (friends, family, strangers).
  • Perceived disease risk increased dehumanization equally across different relationship types.
  • All four dehumanization measures showed parallel responses to disease threat, supporting construct coherence.

Conclusions:

  • Dehumanization is a distinct psychological construct, separate from interpersonal and intergroup bias.
  • Diverse measures of dehumanization demonstrate functional convergence, responding coherently to shared motivational inputs.
  • Psychological conceptions of dehumanization as a flexible regulatory mechanism are supported by these findings.