Antitumor, biological and nonlinear optical activities of novel thiazolidines

The novel series of 3-acetyl phenylthiazolidine-4-carboxyamide derivatives were prepared, structurally characterized by FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C-NMR, and mass spectrometry, and described for their possible applications against prostate cancer cells. These amide thiazolidines include many substituents on a phenyl ring, such as 3-NO₂, 3,4,5-tri-OCH₃, 4-COCH₃, 3,4-di-OCH₃, benzoyl, and diphenyl. Biological activity assays applying the MTT assay for PC3 cells were shown to evaluate the bioactivity of these thiazolidines. The amide thiazolidines revealed promising cytotoxic amide thiazolidines TAM1 (IC₅₀ = 75.95 µg/ml) and TAM2 (IC₅₀ = 79.82 µg/ml) displayed notable strength against PC3 cells. The molecular docking against DNA gyrase, two types of proteins (1SJO and 4HJO), and enzymes exposed strong binding interactions of an examined molecule inside their active sites, making them valuable applicants for further development as therapeutic agents against the human prostate cancer cell line (PC3). Strong total first hyperpolarizability β_tot up to 2766.67 a.u. has been achieved for TAM1. The direct correlation was attained between the total hyperpolarizability β_tot and E_g (energy gap) and between a β_HRS and β_//. This study will offer additional knowledge regarding exploring novel thiazolidines, revealing promising, cytotoxic, and nonlinear optical thiazolidines, and progressing in technologies that manipulate and control light for various purposes, such as optical signal processing, photorefractive devices, and photonics.