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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium
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Ambroxol is Effective for Corneal Pain in Rats.

Aoling Li1, Xuejiao Chang1, Qi Pu1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics : the Official Journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|October 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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Ambroxol effectively reduces corneal pain and hypersensitivity by blocking sodium channels Nav1.7 and Nav1.8. It showed no toxicity to human corneal cells, suggesting a safe therapeutic potential for ocular pain.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pain Management
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 are critical mediators of nociceptive and neuropathic pain.
  • Corneal pain and neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) significantly impact ocular surface health and patient quality of life.
  • Ambroxol is a known inhibitor of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 channels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the analgesic effects of ambroxol on corneal pain in a rat model.
  • To evaluate the potential toxicity of ambroxol on human corneal epithelial cells.

Main Methods:

  • Corneal sensation (CS) inhibition was measured using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer in Sprague-Dawley rats.
  • Corneal pain and neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) models were established using hypertonic saline solutions.
Keywords:
Nav1.7Nav1.8ambroxolneuropathic corneal painocular painvoltage-gated sodium channels

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  • Cell migration and viability assays (scratch and Cell Counting Kit-8) were performed on cultured human corneal epithelial cells treated with ambroxol hydrochloride (AH).

    • Main Results:

    • A 0.5% ambroxol hydrochloride (AH) eye drop significantly inhibited corneal sensation (CS) and suppressed corneal pain in rats.
    • AH demonstrated efficacy in mitigating heightened nociceptor sensitivity caused by irritant exposure.
    • Ambroxol hydrochloride (AH) showed no adverse effects on human corneal epithelial cell migration, proliferation, or viability at concentrations up to 30 μM.

    Conclusions:

    • Ambroxol effectively suppresses corneal pain and neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) by selectively blocking key corneal nociceptors.
    • The preservation of corneal sensation (CS) may contribute to ocular surface protection.
    • Ambroxol exhibits a favorable safety profile with no observed overt toxicity in human corneal epithelial cells.