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Decreased Body Temperature

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...

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Measuring Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mice and Rats

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Battery-Powered Homeothermic Warming Pad for Maintaining Core Temperature in Mice and Rats.

Isabella R Fleites¹, Kevin Morales¹, Stephen D Roper²

¹Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove

|October 27, 2025

Summary

Researchers can now maintain stable animal body temperature during experiments with a new, low-cost, portable warming pad. This device ensures normothermia for mice and rats, crucial for accurate neural recordings and in vivo imaging.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Physiology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Anesthesia-induced hypothermia significantly impacts experimental animal physiology and neural function.
Maintaining stable core body temperature is critical for accurate nervous system recordings in anesthetized animals.
Existing commercial warming pads are often expensive, bulky, and tethered to power sources, limiting portability and compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the design, construction, and validation of a low-cost, battery-powered, temperature-controlled warming pad for small experimental animals.
To provide a portable and cost-effective solution for maintaining normothermia in mice and rats during research procedures.
To demonstrate the utility of the warming pad for prolonged in vivo imaging of neuronal activity.

Main Methods:

Construction of a battery-powered warming pad using readily available components, costing under $100 and taking less than 30 minutes.
Continuous monitoring of animal core temperature with automatic adjustment of the heating pad to maintain normothermia.
Testing the device's efficacy in maintaining normothermia in anesthetized mice for over 6 hours under significant ambient temperature differentials.

Main Results:

The developed warming pad is low-cost, portable, and battery-powered, overcoming limitations of commercial devices.
The device successfully maintained normothermia in anesthetized mice (±0.7°) for over 6 hours without supplemental heat.
The warming pad demonstrated compatibility with custom experimental setups and utility for prolonged in vivo imaging.

Conclusions:

A novel, affordable, and portable warming pad effectively maintains normothermia in small experimental animals.
This device offers a practical solution for researchers needing to transport animals between procedures while preserving physiological stability.
The warming pad facilitates extended experimental protocols, such as in vivo imaging, by ensuring consistent core body temperature.