Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.2K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.2K
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

953
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
953
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

1.1K
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improving Access and Reducing the Burden on Public Ophthalmology: Collaborative Telehealth Models Between Ophthalmology and Optometry in Australia.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same author

Evaluation of a Collaborative Telehealth Model for Eye Care Between Ophthalmology and Optometry in Western Australia.

The Australian journal of rural health·2026
Same author

Small areas of damage due to glaucoma are less likely to be identified by SITA-Faster than SITA-Standard.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same author

Devising and Evaluating an Adaptive Static-Automated Perimetry Test for Children: A Feasibility Study.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same author

Breaking down barriers to accessing dementia-friendly eyecare.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2025
Same author

Using geographic information systems to map eye care service distribution in rural and remote Western Australia.

BMC health services research·2025
Same journal

Mesopic Illumination in Natural Environments: Implications for Myopia Research.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same journal

Axial Length Growth Reference Curves and LMS Parameters for Japanese Children and Adolescents Aged 4-20 Years: The TMM BirThree Cohort Study.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same journal

Effect of Switching Myopia Control Strategies on Axial Elongation in Children with Poor Response to Highly Aspherical Lenslet Therapy.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same journal

Quantifying the Role of Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration and Age in Night Vision Disturbances.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same journal

Impaired Rod-Mediated Vision is the Functional Hallmark of Ageing and Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same journal

Analytical Performance, Spatial Dynamics and Clinically Meaningful Change Thresholds for Automated Non-invasive Tear Film Assessment Using the Oculus Keratograph 5M.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

864

Contrast increment and decrement processing measured using visual search in established glaucoma.

Vanessa Thien Sze Tang1,2, Andrew Turpin2,3, William Huxley Morgan2,4

  • 1Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|October 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that both ON and OFF visual pathways show similar performance declines in glaucoma patients as visual field loss progresses. Advanced glaucoma and central vision loss significantly slow response times for both pathways.

Keywords:
ON–OFF pathwayscontrast decrementscontrast incrementsglaucomavisual functionvisual search

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing
06:25

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing

Published on: February 23, 2024

1.1K
Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System
05:10

Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

Published on: March 17, 2023

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

864
Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing
06:25

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Visual Acuity in Central Vision Loss Through Motion-Based Peripheral Vision Testing

Published on: February 23, 2024

1.1K
Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System
05:10

Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

Published on: March 17, 2023

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Science

Background:

  • Visual processing relies on ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) for light and dark information.
  • Experimental glaucoma models suggest selective vulnerability of OFF RGCs.
  • This study investigates differential pathway performance in human glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if ON and OFF visual pathways exhibit different rates of performance decline with increasing visual field severity in glaucoma.
  • To assess the impact of glaucoma severity and visual field loss patterns on visual processing speed.

Main Methods:

  • 106 participants with established glaucoma performed a visual search task on an iPad.
  • Response times to contrast increments and decrements were measured.
  • Visual fields were assessed using standard perimetry (Compass perimeter, ZEST-Fast strategy).

Main Results:

  • Slower response times correlated with greater visual field loss.
  • ON and OFF pathway response times declined at similar rates as visual field mean deviation worsened.
  • Central visual field loss was associated with significantly slower response times for both ON and OFF stimuli compared to central-sparing defects.

Conclusions:

  • The findings do not support selective OFF RGC loss in human glaucoma.
  • Glaucoma severity and central vision loss markedly impair visual processing speed.
  • Both ON and OFF pathways show equivalent performance reductions in advanced glaucoma.