Optimizing Efficiency in Transhumance Goat Farming: Insights From DEA Analysis in Turkey

The technical efficiencies of transhumance goat farms were evaluated using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) model under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) assumptions. Data were collected from 37 transhumance goat farms in Mersin province, Turkey. The analysis revealed mean efficiency scores of 0.64 under CRS and 0.82 under VRS, indicating suboptimal input utilization across the majority of farms. Specifically, the findings suggest that input usage could be reduced by 36% under CRS and 18% under VRS without compromising output levels. The use of both models enabled the separation of scale-related inefficiencies from pure technical inefficiency, providing a more nuanced view of farm performance. Given the structural heterogeneity and scale constraints of transhumant systems, the VRS model is more reflective of real-world conditions. These findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions-such as farmer education programs, grazing optimization, and infrastructure support-to enhance technical efficiency and farm viability. The study contributes valuable insights for policy development aimed at improving productivity and sustainability in traditional livestock systems.