Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention
Published on: December 15, 2023
Primary teachers' acceptance and sustained adoption of AI powered learner corpora for writing instruction through TAM
Na Zhang1, Wei Lun Wong2, Jessie Barrot3
1Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
Abstract:
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers significant potential to enhance writing instruction in primary education. However, its sustained adoption by English language teachers remains insufficiently understood. This study examines the factors influencing teachers' acceptance and continued use of AI-powered learner corpora, drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM). A structured questionnaire was administered to 355 primary school English teachers in Malaysia to assess variables related to external support (e.g., facilitating conditions, teacher-learner interaction), individual characteristics (e.g., perceived self-efficacy, expectancy effects, growth mindset, interest) and technology perceptions (e.g., perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, continuance intention). Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, followed by Structural Equation Modeling. Results highlight perceived self-efficacy and interest as key predictors of perceived usefulness and continuance intention. They underscored the role of intrinsic motivation. In contrast, facilitating conditions did not significantly affect perceived ease of use, possibly due to increased digital familiarity among teachers. These findings validate the applicability of TAM and ECM in the primary education context and offer practical insights for designing AI tools that align with teachers' pedagogical needs, enhance user experience and support the sustainable integration of AI in writing instruction.
Related Concept Videos
Cognitive Learning
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Non-equilibrium in the Cell
Language Development
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Metacognition
Information Processing Approach
Language and Cognition