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Optimized energy efficient clustering in WSNs through modified zebra optimization.

Yeshen Lan1,2, Mingqi Kan3, Bingyu Cao4

  • 1School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, 324000, China.

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Summary

This study introduces an improved zebra optimization algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to optimize cluster head selection and enhance energy efficiency. The proposed method significantly extends network lifespan and improves throughput for reliable monitoring.

Keywords:
Clustering routingEnergy consumptionInternet of ThingsNetwork lifetimeWireless sensor networkZebra Optimization Algorithm

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
  • Optimization Algorithms
  • Network Protocols

Background:

  • Energy imbalance and suboptimal cluster head selection are critical challenges in WSN clustering protocols.
  • Existing protocols struggle with efficient resource management and network longevity.
  • The NP-hard nature of cluster head selection complicates protocol design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an improved clustering protocol for WSNs, named IZOACP, based on an enhanced zebra optimization algorithm.
  • To optimize cluster head selection by considering node residual energy, network density, intra-cluster distance, and communication delay.
  • To enhance data transmission efficiency through a dynamic adaptive inter-cluster routing mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of the zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA) with a Gaussian mutation strategy and opposition-based learning for cluster head selection.
  • Optimization of the clustering process using four key metrics: residual energy, network density, intra-cluster distance, and communication delay.
  • Implementation of a dynamic adaptive inter-cluster routing mechanism balancing path selection based on node distance, residual energy, and load status.

Main Results:

  • The proposed IZOACP protocol demonstrated significant improvements over LEACH, DMaOWOA, and ARSH-FATI-CHS.
  • Network lifespan was improved by 97.56%, and throughput increased by 93.88%.
  • Transmission delay was reduced by 10.12%, indicating enhanced data transmission efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • IZOACP offers superior performance in energy consumption control and topology stability for WSNs.
  • The protocol provides an efficient and reliable framework for clustering optimization in WSN information monitoring systems.
  • IZOACP is well-suited for large-scale monitoring scenarios requiring sustained network operation.