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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Drug Therapy01:28

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

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Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Related Experiment Video

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Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
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Repurposing medications to prevent psychosis.

Bruce M Cohen1, Donna L McPhie2, Kai-Christian Sonntag3

  • 1Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA. bcohen@mclean.harvard.edu.

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Summary

Schizophrenia often has early signs, but psychosis develops in young adulthood during brain changes. This review explores mechanisms and repurposes medications to prevent psychosis progression.

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Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia frequently presents with premorbid signs, with psychosis typically emerging during adolescence or young adulthood.
  • This developmental period is characterized by significant brain remodeling, a critical phase for psychosis onset.
  • Current preventative strategies for psychosis offer limited efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the underlying mechanisms contributing to psychosis development in schizophrenia.
  • To identify existing medications that target these identified mechanisms.
  • To explore the potential repurposing of these medications for psychosis prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of evidence on psychosis development mechanisms.
  • Analysis of pharmacological targets related to these mechanisms.
  • Literature search for existing medications with relevant mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Identified key biological mechanisms implicated in the transition to psychosis.
  • Highlighted several existing medications that modulate these specific mechanisms.
  • Established a rationale for repurposing these drugs in at-risk populations.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting specific neurobiological mechanisms offers a promising avenue for psychosis prevention.
  • Repurposing existing medications may provide a viable strategy to mitigate schizophrenia progression.
  • Further clinical investigation is warranted to validate the efficacy of repurposed medications.