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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
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Immunotherapy for asthma.

Hamida Hammad1,2, Engi Ahmed3,4,5, Bart N Lambrecht3,4

  • 1Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium. hamida.hammad@ugent.be.

Cellular & Molecular Immunology
|October 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 high asthma involves Th2 cells and associated cytokines, leading to common asthma symptoms. Type 2 low asthma features neutrophils and poor steroid response, necessitating targeted therapies for better asthma management.

Keywords:
Asthmaallergensbiologics.endotypesimmunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Type 2 high asthma, the most common form, is driven by T helper 2 (Th2) cells and cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.
  • These cytokines contribute to eosinophilia, IgE production, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, and exacerbations.
  • Type 2 low asthma is characterized by neutrophils and diminished corticosteroid responsiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunological mechanisms underlying different asthma endotypes.
  • To provide an overview of current immunotherapies for asthma and their clinical efficacy.
  • To highlight emerging therapeutic strategies for improved asthma management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunological mechanisms in asthma.
  • Analysis of current immunotherapy options and their effectiveness.
  • Exploration of novel and future therapeutic approaches for asthma.

Main Results:

  • Detailed explanation of Th2-driven type 2 high asthma pathophysiology.
  • Characterization of type 2 low asthma, emphasizing neutrophil involvement.
  • Identification of specific cytokines and their roles in asthma pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding distinct asthma endotypes is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Current immunotherapies offer varying efficacy depending on the asthma profile.
  • Emerging strategies promise enhanced future management of diverse asthma presentations.