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Bloodstream infections in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Moise Matakone1,2, Sen Claudine Henriette Ngomtcho1,3,4, Patrice Landry Koudoum1
1Department of Microbiology, Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
New Microbes and New Infections
|October 28, 2025
Summary
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are common in Cameroon, with high rates of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Enhanced laboratory capacity and surveillance are crucial for effective BSI management and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Medical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Bloodstream infections (BSIs) contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited settings.
- This study focuses on determining the prevalence, bacterial profile, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of BSIs in Cameroon.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence of BSIs in Cameroon.
- To identify the predominant bacteria causing BSIs.
- To determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of these bacteria.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on BSIs in Cameroon.
- Searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases.
- Random or fixed effect models were employed for meta-analysis, with heterogeneity assessed using Begg's and Egger's tests.
Main Results:
- Analysis of 5680 blood cultures revealed an overall bacterial BSI prevalence of 25.2%, or 17.2% after removing contaminants.
- Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Staphylococcus aureus were the leading causes of BSIs.
- High resistance rates were observed for extended-spectrum cephalosporins, while carbapenems showed lower resistance. Staphylococci exhibited over 30% resistance to all tested antibiotics.
Conclusions:
- Cameroon faces a substantial burden of BSIs and significant antimicrobial resistance.
- There is a noted lack of compliance with international microbiological analysis guidelines.
- Strengthening laboratory capacity and implementing BSI surveillance are essential for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
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