Screening for Peripheral Neuropathy and Peripheral Vascular Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A...

Background Diabetes mellitus continues to rise globally, with complications such as peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) contributing substantially to morbidity, particularly in rural communities where awareness is low and care is inadequate. Objective To assess the burden of neuropathic symptoms and evaluate foot-care practices among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural Andhra Pradesh, India, with peripheral vascular status recorded qualitatively through pulse screening. Methods A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted across five villages. A total of 173 known type 2 diabetic patients aged ≥40 years were selected using random sampling. Data collection included interviews and clinical assessments for neuropathy and PVD. Results Peripheral neuropathic symptoms were highly prevalent, with 153 patients (88.44%) experiencing loss of hot/cold discrimination. A total of 130 patients (75.1%) had one or more comorbidities. While 164 patients (94.79%) were on treatment for diabetes, only 29 patients (16.8%) had undergone HbA1c testing in the last year. Foot-care practices were suboptimal - only six patients (3.5%) reported applying moisturiser between the toes, and just three patients (1.7%) used a mirror to inspect their feet regularly. Conclusion Peripheral complications and poor foot-care practices remain widespread. Strengthening education and early screening in rural settings is essential to curb diabetic foot morbidity.