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Beyond fentanyl: The emergence of xylazine in illicit opioids
Christina Krasnavage1, Christopher Kudrich, Edwin Salsitz
1In the Department of Psychiatry at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, NY, Christina Krasnavage and Christopher Kudrich are practicing PAs and Edwin Salsitz is an associate clinical professor. The authors also practice at the Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai in New York, NY. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
Abstract:
Xylazine is a veterinary drug that has become a common adulterant in opioids, particularly heroin and fentanyl. This article provides a comprehensive review of the drug, including its history, pharmacology, toxicology, pathophysiology, withdrawal, medical management, associated wound care, and harm reduction strategies, so that physician associates and other clinicians may be better equipped to recognize possible xylazine misuse in their patients and provide adequate treatment for xylazine-related harms.
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