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Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1
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Zika virus in the shadows: an underrecognized contributor to Nigeria's febrile disease landscape

V I Agbajelola1,2, F A Oluwadare1, M M Hamman2

  • 1University of Ibadan.

Voprosy Virusologii
|October 28, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Zika virus (ZIKV) likely circulates undetected in Nigeria, with seroprevalence varying widely. Improved diagnostics and integrated surveillance are crucial for managing this mosquito-borne threat.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, poses neurological and congenital risks.
  • Its prevalence in Nigeria is underestimated due to co-endemic arboviruses and diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, and public health implications of ZIKV in Nigeria.
  • To synthesize peer-reviewed literature from 2015-2025 on ZIKV in Nigeria.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative synthesis approach was employed.
  • Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and African Journals Online.
  • Included studies reported human or vector serological or molecular data on ZIKV in Nigeria.

Main Results:

  • Eleven studies from ten Nigerian states indicated ZIKV seroprevalence from 1.4% to over 50%.
  • Diagnostic limitations, including symptom overlap and cross-reactivity, lead to underreporting.
  • Limited surveillance and co-endemicity with other arboviruses complicate understanding ZIKV's impact.

Conclusions:

  • ZIKV is likely circulating silently in Nigeria, influenced by environmental and infrastructural factors.
  • Inadequate diagnostics, fragmented vector control, and lack of integrated surveillance impede ZIKV detection.
  • A unified, proactive national arboviral strategy is recommended, informed by experiences with other Aedes-borne viruses.
Keywords:
NigeriaZika virusarbovirusesfeverpregnant women

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