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Related Concept Videos

Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

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After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
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The Rab7-Epg5 and Rab39-ema modules cooperatively position autophagosomes for efficient lysosomal fusions.

Attila Boda1,2, Villő Balázs1,2, Anikó Nagy1,2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.

Elife
|October 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Autophagosomes move to the cell center via dynein motors, guided by Rab GTPases and adaptors. This positioning is crucial for efficient cellular degradation and lysosome fusion.

Keywords:
D. melanogasterautophagosomecell biologydyneinfusionlysosomemicrotubular transportncMTOC

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Macroautophagy is a key cellular degradation process involving autophagosomes and lysosomes.
  • Microtubule-based transport is essential for autophagy, but autophagosome positioning factors are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanisms and factors governing autophagosome positioning in Drosophila fat cells.
  • Determine the role of microtubule motors and regulatory proteins in autophagosome transport.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a loss-of-function genetic screen for genes involved in microtubule motility.
  • Utilized a genetic system blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion to study autophagosome positioning.
  • Analyzed the roles of dynein-dynactin complex, Rab7, Rab39, Epg5, and ema.

Main Results:

  • Pre-fusion autophagosomes move towards the non-centrosomal microtubule organizing center (ncMTOC) in a dynein-dependent manner.
  • Rab7/Epg5 and Rab39/ema regulate this dynein-mediated transport.
  • Altering kinesin/dynein motor balance reverses autophagosome movement direction.
  • Pre-fusion lysosomes are also positioned at the ncMTOC, facilitating fusion.

Conclusions:

  • Dynein-mediated transport to the ncMTOC is critical for autophagosome positioning and efficient lysosomal degradation.
  • The ncMTOC serves as a convergence point for autophagosomes and lysosomes, enhancing fusion efficiency.
  • Autophagosome positioning is a regulated process involving a balance of microtubule motors.