Design and implementation of multi-channel high-precision and large dynamic range data acquisition system

In modern scientific experiments and industrial applications, the accuracy and dynamic range of data acquisition system are increasingly required. To balance the high accuracy and large dynamic range of data acquisition system, a multi-channel data acquisition system based on programmable gate arrays is designed. The system is mainly composed of an analog-to-digital converter acquisition module, a two-level programmable gate array data control processing module. On this basis, the data processing effect of each module is optimized by combining relevant algorithms, and the functionality of each algorithm and the overall accuracy and dynamic range of the system are simulated and tested. The experimental results indicated that the signal fluctuation amplitude after processing by the data fusion algorithm was significantly reduced and improved by 5 bits compared with the pre-processing. The gain control algorithm was able to achieve a stable output of the signal within 0.4 ms when different degrees of control were performed. The signal quality after processing by adaptive filtering algorithm was significantly higher than the signal quality before optimization. The overall accuracy of the data acquisition system was below 0.08% and the dynamic range was above 165 dB. The multi-channel data acquisition system designed in the study ensures high accuracy, improves the dynamic range of the system, and expands the application areas of the data acquisition system.