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Optimizing Titanium Nanotube (TNT) Growth on Freeform Screw Profiles via Multi-Cathode-Anode (CA) Configuration:
H Jadhav1, Y Patil1, B Ansari1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay 400076, India.
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|October 28, 2025
Summary
Achieving uniform titanium nitride nanotube (TNT) growth on complex shapes like dental implants is difficult due to uneven electric fields during anodization. A novel multicathode design optimizes electric fields for consistent TNT deposition on intricate surfaces.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Surface Engineering
- Biomaterials
Background:
- Uniform titanium nitride nanotube (TNT) growth on complex geometries, like screw threads, is hindered by non-uniform electric fields during anodization.
- This variability impacts the quality and performance of TNT coatings on devices such as dental implants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of complex geometry on electric field distribution during TNT anodization.
- To develop and validate a method for achieving uniform TNT growth on screw-threaded surfaces and dental implants.
Main Methods:
- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to simulate electric field distribution on screw threads.
- Experimental anodization was performed, followed by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) for morphological analysis.
- A novel multicathode anodization cell was designed and tested to uniformize the electric field.
Main Results:
- FEA simulations revealed significant electric field variations on screw threads, correlating with experimentally observed non-uniform TNT growth.
- The developed multicathode design, particularly with a cathode-to-anode (CA) area ratio of 1, effectively uniformized the electric field.
- Optimized anodization on dental implants using the multicathode setup resulted in highly uniform TNTs with minimal length variation (0.4 μm).
Conclusions:
- Electric field uniformity is critical for controlled TNT growth on complex implant geometries.
- The proposed multicathode anodization cell offers an efficient and scalable solution for uniform TNT deposition on dental implants and freeform surfaces.
