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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
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Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Psychodynamic Therapy01:29

Psychodynamic Therapy

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Psychodynamic therapies emphasize the exploration of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as fundamental contributors to psychological difficulties. These therapies, deeply rooted in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, aim to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts, granting individuals insights that promote emotional and behavioral healing. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches have evolved, integrating a broader range of influences and methodologies while still valuing the...
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Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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From childhood trauma to complex PTSD: a network analysis.

Eunhye Kim1, Young-Gun Ko1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

European Journal of Psychotraumatology
|October 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that negative self-concept and relationship issues in childhood trauma survivors may be key targets for treating complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). Understanding trauma

Keywords:
Análisis de redesBayesian networkCPTSDNetwork analysisTEPT complejoautoconcepto negativochildhood traumacomplex posttraumatic stress disorderemotional traumainterpersonal traumanegative self-conceptred bayesianatrastorno de estrés postraumático complejotrauma emocionaltrauma infantiltrauma interpersonal

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Network analysis and Bayesian networks offer insights into complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptom interconnections and causal inference.
  • Previous network studies on CPTSD have limitations, including heterogeneous populations, varied trauma types, and insufficient integration of trauma histories.
  • Childhood trauma history is a significant etiological factor in CPTSD, yet often underrepresented in network analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural relationships between childhood trauma types and CPTSD symptoms in adults with interpersonal childhood trauma.
  • To identify potential key variables and pathways linking childhood trauma to CPTSD symptomology.
  • To guide potential intervention targets for CPTSD by examining upstream variables.

Main Methods:

  • Included 249 adults with interpersonal childhood trauma histories.
  • Utilized Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) for trauma history and International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) for CPTSD symptoms.
  • Employed complementary network analyses: graphical LASSO for partial correlation networks and Bayesian hill-climbing for directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), alongside exploratory graph analysis and stability metrics.

Main Results:

  • Suggested a pathway from emotional neglect to emotional abuse, with negative self-concept acting as a bridge between trauma and symptoms.
  • Identified negative self-concept and relationship disturbances as potential upstream intervention targets, rather than isolated symptoms.
  • DAG analysis incorporating trauma experiences revealed directional patterns distinct from symptom-only networks, emphasizing trauma's role.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating trauma variables and diverse network methodologies enhances understanding of the CPTSD network.
  • Emotional trauma and upstream factors like negative self-concept appear significant in CPTSD symptom development.
  • Trauma context critically influences the structure of symptom relationships within Bayesian networks.