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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Primary cilia length stability is essential for dentinogenesis.

Xiaoqiao Xu1, Lei Zhang1, Xuyan Gong1

  • 1Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology, and Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|October 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary cilia length stability is crucial for tooth dentin formation and repair. Maintaining cilia length through Arl13b prevents shortening, ensuring proper odontoblast differentiation and dentin regeneration.

Keywords:
SHH signalingcilia decapitationdentinogenesismesenchymal progenitor cellsprimary cilia length

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Dentin formation involves odontoblast differentiation from dental mesenchymal progenitor cells.
  • Primary cilia are vital organelles regulating cell function, with dynamic length changes impacting dentinogenesis.
  • The precise role of primary cilia length stability in dentin formation and repair requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of primary cilia length stability in regulating dental mesenchymal progenitor cell function.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which primary cilia length impacts dentin formation and repair.
  • To identify key genes involved in maintaining primary cilia length homeostasis during dentinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Spatial transcriptome analysis was employed to study gene expression patterns.
  • Mouse molar development models were utilized to observe cellular processes in vivo.
  • Genetic manipulation (ARL13B deficiency) was used to assess the impact of cilia shortening.

Main Results:

  • The gene Arl13b was identified as critical for maintaining primary cilia length homeostasis by preventing cilia decapitation.
  • ARL13B deficiency led to shortened primary cilia, impairing dental mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation.
  • Shortened cilia disrupted intraflagellar transport and SHH signaling, inhibiting odontoblast differentiation and tertiary dentin formation.

Conclusions:

  • Primary cilia length homeostasis, maintained by Arl13b, is essential for odontoblast differentiation.
  • Disruption of cilia length stability negatively impacts tertiary dentin formation during repair processes.
  • Maintaining primary cilia length is crucial for effective dentin repair and regeneration.