Femtosecond laser-textured copper surface for reducing initial copper ion burst release in intrauterine devices

Copper intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs) are widely used for long-term contraception; yet, the burst release of Cu2+ during early implantation often induces adverse uterine responses. In this study, a femtosecond laser texturing method was employed to construct a biomimetic microstructure (Cu#BM) inspired by Epipremnum aureum leaves. The engineered surface exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance and a moderated ion-release profile in simulated uterine fluid, effectively mitigating the initial burst of Cu2+. Electrochemical measurements, immersion tests, and cytocompatibility assays consistently confirmed the improved stability and biocompatibility of Cu#BM compared with unmodified Cu. These findings suggest that femtosecond laser-induced surface engineering provides a simple and effective strategy to suppress the early burst release of Cu2+, thereby offering translational potential to reduce clinical side effects associated with Cu-IUDs.