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Clinical and Etiological Spectrum of Viral Pneumonia in Critically Ill Children: A Retrospective Study

Ananya Kavilapurapu1, A V Lalitha2, Kakarla Divya1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Critical Care, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|October 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Adenovirus infections in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit are linked to severe outcomes, including mechanical ventilation and death. Early detection and management of complications are crucial for better outcomes in viral pneumonia.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Virology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in children can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Viral etiologies are common causes of SARI in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding predictors of outcome is essential for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the clinical characteristics of children with viral pneumonia.
  • To identify factors predicting adverse outcomes in pediatric viral pneumonia.
  • To analyze the impact of specific viral agents on disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of children (1-120 months) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with SARI.
  • Viral etiology confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of respiratory samples.
  • Analysis of clinical data, including need for mechanical ventilation, shock, and multi-organ dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • 112 out of 160 children had confirmed viral pneumonia, with RSV, rhinovirus, and adenovirus being most common.
  • Adenovirus infections were associated with all five deaths (4.5%) and significantly predicted the need for mechanical ventilation, shock, and multi-organ dysfunction.
  • Nearly 13% of children required mechanical ventilation, highlighting the severity of these viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • Adenovirus infections have a profound impact on multiple organ systems in children with SARI.
  • High suspicion, early diagnosis, and vigilant monitoring for complications are necessary for adenovirus pneumonia.
  • Effective management strategies are needed to mitigate the severe consequences of adenovirus-related pediatric pneumonia.
Abstract

Keywords:
AdenovirusChildCritical illnessSevere acute respiratory illness

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