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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

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A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
Published on: August 24, 2017
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Cost, Research, and Education: Providers' Perspectives on Making Neurofeedback More Accessible
Whitney K Norris1, M Kathryn Allison2, Linda Larson-Prior2
1University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Rahn Building 5255, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA. wnorris2@uams.edu.
Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
|October 28, 2025
Summary
Neurofeedback needs better insurance coverage, provider education, and more research funding to become more accessible. These changes can help integrate neurofeedback into routine mental healthcare.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Mental Health Implementation Science
Background:
- Neurofeedback, despite 50 years of research, lacks recognition compared to other mental health interventions.
- Limited accessibility hinders wider adoption of neurofeedback in clinical practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore neurofeedback practitioners' perspectives on increasing the intervention's accessibility.
- To identify barriers and facilitators for broader public and provider adoption of neurofeedback.
Main Methods:
- Qualitative study using semi-structured online interviews with 17 neurofeedback practitioners.
- Inductive thematic analysis of interview data focused on increasing public accessibility.
Main Results:
- Three key themes emerged: financial support (including insurance coverage), enhanced provider education (e.g., graduate curriculum), and increased research/funding for scientific credibility.
- Participants identified actionable strategies to overcome accessibility challenges.
Conclusions:
- Improving insurance coverage, integrating neurofeedback into education, and bolstering research are crucial for wider implementation.
- Addressing these factors can significantly increase neurofeedback adoption in routine mental healthcare.

